The following hypothalamic regulatory hormone is not a peptide Leukotriene antagonists are used in bronchial asthma The following expectorant acts both directly on the airway mucosa as well as reflexly Allopurinol has a therapeutic effect in the following conditions except Allopurinol is indicated in the following category of chronic gout patients A 35-year-old male presented with an attack of acute gout. He was treated with a 10 day course of naproxen. His blood uric acid level is high. What future line of treatment is most appropriate Allopurinol does not inhibit the metabolism of Choose the correct statement about allopurinol Allopurinol lowers the plasma concentration of Sulfinpyrazone has the following action(s) Select the drug which is used in chronic gout but is <u>not</u> uricosuric Probenecid has the following action(s) The most important dose-limiting adverse effect of colchicine is Select the drug which is neither analgesic, nor antiinflammatory, nor uricosuric, but is highly efficacious in acute gout Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are more commonly used than colchicine in acute gout because Select the first choice drug for acute gout Hyperuricaemia is produced by the following drugs <u>except</u> Among the disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, fastest symptom relief is obtained with Which component of sulfasalazine is responsible for the therapeutic effect in rheumatoid arthritis Which of the following is a disease modifying antirheumatic drug whose active metabolite inhibits the enzyme dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase The following antirheumatic drug affords symptomatic relief but does not bring about remission in rheumatoid arthritis What is true of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs are indicated in rheumatoid arthritis Sulfasalazine is used in the following disease(s) Used as a remission inducing agent in rheumatoid arthritis, hydroxychloroquine Choose the correct statement(s) about auranofin Choose the correct statement about use of gold so4⃣ thiomalate in rheumatoid arthritis Which of the following is a reserve drug but not a disease modifying drug in rheumatoid arthritis The following antiinflammatory analgesic has been cleared for pediatric use Choose the correct statement about topical NSAID preparations Choose the correct statement about nefopam For a patient of peptic ulcer, the safest nonopioid analgesic is Paracetamol has the following advantage(s) over NSAIDs N-acetyl cysteine is beneficial in acute paracetamol poisoning because Select the drug which inhibits cyclooxygenase in the brain but not at peripheral sites of inflammation Choose the correct statement about paracetamol The selective COX-2 inhibitors have the following advantage(s) over the nonselective NSAIDs Among the following, choose the NSAID with the highest COX-2 selectivity The distinctive feature of nimesulide is What is true of nimesulide Which of the following is an efficacious antiinflammatory drug but a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase The following nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug is a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) inhibitor Which analgesic-antiinflammatory drug is more appropriate in musculo-skeletal disorder where pain is more prominent than inflammation The constellation of adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs include the following <u>except</u> Choose the correct statement about nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) The patient taking the following non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug should be cautioned not to drive motor vehicle Which of the following analgesics itself frequently causes headache as a side effect The NSAIDs aggravate the following diseases except Phenylbutazone should be used only in patients not responding to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because The following 5-HT receptor is not a G protein coupled receptor Dexamphetamine produces an apparently paradoxical effect in Isoxsuprine increases limb blood flow in normal individuals, but is of limited efficacy in Buerger’s disease, because in this disease The most likely complication of prolonged use of nasal decongestant drops is Adrenaline injected with a local anaesthetic Vasoconstrictors should not be used in The following is true of fenfluramine <u>except</u> Which of the following drugs has been used both as orally active nasal decongestant as well as appetite suppressant, and has been implicated in precipitating haemorrhagic stroke While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP Phenylephrine instilled in the eye produces Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation At therapeutic doses, actions of amphetamine include the following except Ephedrine is similar to adrenaline in the following feature Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following <u>except</u> Adrenaline raises blood glucose level by the following actions <u>except</u> Adrenaline is inactive orally because it is Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed The following action of adrenaline is <u>not</u> mediated by <u>β</u> receptors The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both α and β receptors producing the same directional effect A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is The principal process which terminates the action of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerve ending is The following type/types of noradrenaline uptake is blocked by reserpine The most efficacious inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis in the body is The rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is Which of the following is a noncatecholamine sympathomimetic Pralidoxime can reactivate cholinesterase enzyme that has been inactivated by Atropine does not antagonise the following feature of anticholinesterase poisoning Which is the most important drug in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse is 120/min, low volume, BP 90/60 mm Hg, respiration shallow, pupil constricted, muscles flabby with occasional fasciculations. Which is the most likely type of poisoning Neostigmine is beneficial in cobra envenomation because Select the diuretic that is most effective in acute congestive glaucoma Dorzolamide is a Apraclonidine is a clonidine congener which is used Which of the following is a prodrug of adrenaline used topically in glaucoma Select the longer acting ocular beta blocker To be used as a topically applied ocular beta blocker a drug should have the following properties <u>except</u> Timolol eye drops are preferred over pilocarpine eye drops by glaucoma patients because The site of action of miotics for therapeutic effect in angle closure glaucoma is Pilocarpine reduces intraocular tension in open angle glaucoma by Which of the following is a relatively cerebroselective anticholinesterase found to afford symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because Out of two anticholinesterases, drug ‘X’ is a tertiary amine while drug ‘Y’ is a quarternary ammonium compoun4⃣ Then The organophosphates produce irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase because The anticholinesterase action of edrophonium is short lasting because termination of its action depends on Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme occurs on hydrolysis of the inhibitor by the same enzyme molecule in case of the following anticholinesterase The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme Actions of pilocarpine include the following <u>except</u> Acetylcholine has no therapeutic application because Which of the following secretions is <u>not</u> stimulated by acetylcholine The smooth muscle structure that is relaxed by cholinergic drugs is Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects <u>except</u> The choline ester resistant to both true and pseudocholinesterase is Pseudocholinesterase differs from true cholinesterase in that The following cotransmitter is most probably involved in mediating nonadrenergic noncholinergic ( NANC ) relaxation of the gut The cotransmitter may serve the following function/ functions Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve impulse/junctional transmission by The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems exert functionally opposite influences on the following parameters <u>except</u> Which of the following organs is innervated only by parasympathetic nerves Select the drug which has been found to be a strong human teratogen The following is a proven human teratogen The most vulnerable period of pregnancy for the causation of foetal malformations due to drugs is Adverse consequences may follow sudden discontinuation of the following drug after chronic intake ‘Addiction’ and ‘habituation’ Which of the following constitutes ‘drug abuse’ Adaptive neurophysiological changes produced by repeated administration of a drug, which result in the appearance of characteristic withdrawal syndrome on discontinuation of the drug is called The essential feature in drug addiction is An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is Intradermal drug sensitivity tests can detect the presence of following type of hypersensitivity The most appropriate route of administration for adrenaline in a case of anaphylactic shock is The type II, type III and type IV hypersensitivity reactions can be suppressed by Which of the following is the only life saving measure in case of anaphylactic shock The following allergic drug reaction is caused by circulating antibodies Drugs producing allergic reactions generally act as An immunologically mediated reaction to a drug producing stereotyped symptoms unrelated to its pharmacodynamic actions is Which of the following is an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction Use of an emetic to remove the ingested poison is contraindicated in following poisonings except that by The following statement is true in relation to ‘drug toxicity’ and ‘poisoning’ A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that The side effect of a drug which has been used as a therapeutic effect in another condition is Which of the following is a type B (unpredictable) adverse drug reaction An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called In an anaesthetized dog, repeated intravenous injection of ephedrine shows the phenomenon of Significant tolerance does not develop to the following action of morphine Tolerance is generally not acquired to Drug cumulation is the basis of organ toxicity of the following drug when used for prolonged periods Interaction between the following pair of drugs can be avoided by making suitable adjustments In congestive heart failure patients The following statement is not correct for uremic patients In patients with renal insufficiency the clearance of the following drug is reduced parallel to the reduction in creatinine clearance In patients of hepatic cirrhosis Which of the following is true of ‘placebos’ A drug which produces qualitatively different actions when administered through different routes is Drug metabolism can be induced by the following factors except Which of the following adverse drug reactions is due to a specific genetic abnormality Which racial difference in response to drugs has been mentioned incorrectly below The following drug adverse effect is specially noted in men compared to women The elderly patients are relatively intolerant to Which adverse drug effect is more common in children than in adults The pharmacokinetics of drugs in the neonate differs from that in adults, because their Interindividual variations in equieffective doses of a drug are most marked if it is disposed by A fixed dose combination preparation meant for internal use must <u>not</u> contain the following class of drug Fixed dose combination formulations are not necessarily appropriate for Which of the following statements is not true of fixed dose combination formulations A drug which is generally administered in standard doses without the need for dose individualization is The dose of the following class of drugs has to be adjusted by repeated measurement of the affected physiological parameter The following is a competitive antagonist of GABA but a noncompetitive antagonist of diazepam The following is not a feature of competitive antagonists A drug which does not produce any action by itself but decreases the slope of the log dose-response curve and suppresses the maximal response to another drug is a A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a The antidotal action of sodium nitrite in cyanide poisoning is based on The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because If the effect of combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects, the two drugs are exhibiting Compared to the drug named within parenthesis, which of the following drugs has a higher potency but lower efficacy The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its If the dose-response curves of a drug for producing different actions are widely separated on the dose axis, the drug is Higher efficacy of a drug necessarily confers Which of the following is always true ‘Drug efficacy’ refers to Which of the following drugs exhibits ‘therapeutic window’ phenomenon When therapeutic effects decline both below and above a narrow range of doses, a drug is said to exhibit The following statement is not true of log dose-response curve Down regulation of receptors can occur as a consequence of A receptor which itself has enzymatic property is The receptor transduction mechanism with the fastest time-course of response effectuation is All of the following subserve as intracellular second messengers in receptor mediated signal transduction <u>except</u> Agonist induced autophosphorylation, internalization and down regulation is a distinctive feature of Select the receptor that is located intracellularly Which of the following is a G protein coupled receptor The following receptor type has 7 helical membrane spanning amino acid segments with 3 extracellular and 3 intracellular loops Receptors perform the following function/functions Agonists affect the receptor molecule in the following manner Receptor agonists possess A partial agonist can antagonise the effects of a full agonist because it has Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except What is true in relation to drug receptors Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body Sustained/controlled release oral dosage form is appropriate for the following type of drug Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using Monitoring of blood levels of diuretic drugs is not practised because When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of If a drug has a constant bioavailability and first order elimination, its maintenance dose rate will be directly proportional to its If a drug is eliminated by first order kinetics Which of the following is <u>not</u> a primary/fundamental, but a derived pharmacokinetic parameter If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is The plasma half life of penicillin-G is longer in the new born because their If a drug undergoes net tubular secretion, its renal clearance will be Glomerular filtration of a drug is affected by its Drugs which undergo high degree of first-pass metabolism in liver Select the drug that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver The following drug metabolizing reaction is entirely nonmicrosomal Microsomal enzyme induction can be a cause of The most commonly occurring conjugation reaction for drugs and their metabolites is The following is <u>not</u> true of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2D6 Which of the following cytochrome P450 isoenzymes is involved in the metabolism of largest number of drugs in human beings and has been implicated in some dangerous drug interactions A prodrug is Which of the following is a prodrug Biotransformation of drugs is primarily directed to The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug High plasma protein binding Weakly acidic drugs Which of the following is <u>not</u> true of the blood-brain barrier The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by A nonvolatile, highly lipid soluble drug is metabolized at a rate of 15% per hour. On intravenous injection it produces general anaesthesia for 10 min. Which process is responsible for termination of its action Marked redistribution is a feature of The following attribute of a drug tends to reduce its volume of distribution If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μ g/ml, its volume of distribution is The most important factor governing absorption of a drug from intact skin is Bioavailability differences among oral formulations of a drug are most likely to occur if the drug Bioavailability of drug refers to Tricyclic antidepressants can alter the oral absorption of many drugs by Active transport of a substance across biological membranes has the following characteristics except The most important factor which governs diffusion of drugs across capillaries other than those in the brain is Which of the following is a weakly acidic drug Which of the following drugs is most likely to be absorbed from the stomach Diffusion of drugs across cell membrane Majority of drugs cross biological membranes primarily by Alkalinization of urine hastens the excretion of Select the route of administration which carries the highest risk of adversely affecting vital functions Compared to subcutaneous injection, the intramuscular injection of drugs Which of the following drugs is administered by intranasal spray/application for systemic action In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response Transdermal drug delivery systems offer the following advantages <u>except</u> Drug administered through the following route is most likely to be subjected to first-pass metabolism An 'orphan drug' is `Essential drugs’ are